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Name : Science Daily (Oceanography)
URL : http://www.sciencedaily.com/rss/index.php?section=Earth+%26+Climate&keyword=Oceanography
Mussels are well known for sticking to virtually all inorganic and organic surfaces and doing so with amazing tenacity. A material that mimics the strength of the bonds has already been created. Now scientists have produced a versatile coating method that mimics the mussels' ability to attach to a wide variety of objects. A broad variety of materials can be coated and functionalized through the application of a surface layer of polydopamine.
Many of the most successful microbes are those that inhabit but do not kill their host. A new mathematical model, devised by a microbiologist renowned for his study of H. pylori and a mathematician, provides the framework for understanding how persistent microbes obtain equilibrium with their human hosts.
Scientists believe they have found an explanation for a puzzling and serious complication of West Nile virus infection. West Nile virus can enter a nerve cell, replicate and move on to infect other nearby nerve cells, according to new research.
It's hard to think of scientists in laboratories working toward solutions for medical problems without mice or other laboratory animals, but animals' roles in at least one major research laboratory may soon be minimal. Researchers have now developed a model that mimics actual joints.
The latest Taking Stock report from the Commission for Environmental Cooperation reveals a continued decline in releases of toxic chemicals to the environment -- 15 percent for the US and Canada from 1998 to 2004 -- driven by a group of industrial facilities that are the largest generators of emissions. The report also, however, reveals a substantial increase in chemical releases and transfers by a much larger group of industrial facilities that report lower emission volumes.
For amateur genealogists and Americans searching for their roots, the prospect of tracking one's DNA to a specific country, region or tribe with a take-home kit is highly alluring. But while the popularity of genetic ancestral testing is rising -- particularly among African-Americans -- the technology is flawed and could spawn unwelcome societal consequences, according to researchers.
Shiny amber jewelry and a mucky Florida swamp have given scientists a window into an ancient ecosystem that could be anywhere from 15 million to 130 million years old. Prehistoric aquatic critters such as beetles and small crustaceans unwittingly swim into resin flowing down into the water from pine-like trees.
Children who are obese or who are at risk for obesity show early signs of heart disease similar to obese adults with heart disease, a new study has found. Based on this study, these subtle markers can help physicians predict who could be at risk for heart disease and heart attacks.
With eyes that peer into the most energetic phenomena in the universe, ESA's Integral has been setting records, discovering the unexpected and helping understanding the unknown over its first five years.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the world. The prognosis for individuals with lung cancer depends on the stage at which their lung cancer is detected, with those caught at an early stage (stage I) having the best outlook. However, being able to predict prognosis would help doctors target treatments to patients more appropriately.
What do the countries of Thailand, Uruguay and Ghana have in common? They all could become leading producers of the emerging renewable fuel known as biodiesel, according to a new article.
While acne is oftentimes as much a part of being a teenager as dating and Friday night football games, a new study examining the prevalence of acne in adults age 20 and older confirms that a significant proportion of adults continue to be plagued by acne well beyond the teenage years. In particular, women experience acne at higher rates than their male counterparts across all age groups 20 years and older.
The winner of the Solar Decathlon -- a competition between 20 college and university teams to compete in 10 contests and design, build, and operate the most attractive and energy-efficient solar-powered home -- was the German University Technische Universität Darmstadt. The Solar Decathlon's homes are zero-energy, yield zero carbon, and include the latest high-tech solutions and money-saving benefits to consumers, without sacrificing comfort, convenience, and aesthetics.
India's lithosphere is only half as thick as others which is the reason for its high speed collision with Eurasia. 50 million years ago the Indian sub-continent collided with the enormous Eurasian continent with a velocity of about 20 cm/year. With such a high velocity India was the fastest of the former parts of Gondwanaland.
Help with assigning gender could one day be at hand for intersex individuals whose genital phenotypes and sex chromosomes don't match, thanks to the discovery of a stable sex hormone signature in our cells. Help with assigning gender could one day be at hand for intersex individuals whose genital phenotypes and sex chromosomes don't match, thanks to the discovery of a stable sex hormone signature in our cells.
The first research to show the involvement of a gene known as Dmp1 in human lung cancer will hopefully lead to an increased understanding on what goes wrong at the cellular level to cause the disease. Researchers found that the Dmp1 gene - which normally works to suppress tumor formation - is non-functional in about 35 percent of human lung cancers.
The seeds may be lacking for perennial wheat to be grown on any significant basis in Texas, but interest is not, according to plant pathologists. From wheat producers and cattle grazing operators to multiple state plant breeders, researchers are finding a groundswell of interest as they begin planting new varieties and starts a second year on the perennial wheat study.
Researchers found that survival with bone marrow transplant was greater than 75 percent, similar to thymic transplantation, for treatment of complete DiGeorge syndrome. More than 20 years ago, doctors performed a successful bone marrow transplant on a baby girl who was born without a thymus gland and was suffering from severe immune deficiency. It marked the first time a bone marrow transplant, rather than a thymic transplant, had been used to treat the genetic condition known as DiGeorge Syndrome.
The second phase of the International HapMap Project, an effort to identify and catalog genetic similarities and differences among populations around the world, has been completed. Information provided in the first phase of the HapMap, completed in 2005, has led to the development of techniques facilitating the search for genes associated with common diseases -- such as schizophrenia and heart disease -- and the identification of more than 50 such disease-associated genes.
Amidst growing uneasiness around the United States' ability to compete with India, China and other nations, the Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology has issued a report on the state of the nation's STEM workforce and the policy implications surrounding it.
Bats are the most vocal mammals other than humans, and understanding how they communicate during their nocturnal outings could lead to better treatments for human speech disorders. Thousands of bats native to Central Texas fly overhead each night singing songs of complex syllables -- but at frequencies too high for humans to hear.
Have you ever wondered why you inherited your mother's smile but not your father's height? Researchers are one step closer to unravelling how nature combines both maternal and paternal DNA to create genetically-unique offspring.
New research shows that a small-scale Mexican fishery -- operated by hand from small open boats -- can kill as many critically endangered loggerhead sea turtles as all of the industrial fishing fleets in the North Pacific Ocean put together. On a per-hook or per-net basis, the Mexican fishery is 10 to 100 times as deadly, the study found.
Two reports shed new light on male infertility. A common cause of male infertility, varicoceles, or varicose veins in the scrotum, also results in a depletion of testosterone. Thirty-five percent of all cases of primary infertility (first pregnancy attempt) and 80-percent of secondary infertility (attempts at pregnancy following a successful impregnation) are due to varicoceles. In a related finding, once a common, simple surgery is used to treat varicoceles and thereby restore fertility, testosterone levels are also improved.
An increasing number of genes have been linked to muscular dystrophy and related disorders that cause muscle weakness and wasting, but it's still largely unknown how these genes cause disease, and, more importantly, how to translate the discoveries into treatments. A wealth of new clues about how muscle function is regulated has been found by analyzing microRNAs -- tiny bits of code that govern gene expression.
Pheromones are big, fatty molecules that living organisms emit in order to send messages to individuals of the same species. New research has identified an unanticipated protein that snatches these pheromones and hands them off to their specific pheromone receptor.
Eighty percent of psychiatric nurses believe people with borderline personality disorder -- a serious mental health illness that affects 1 in 50 adults -- receive inadequate care. Researchers found that more than a quarter of the nurses surveyed had daily contact with patients with BPD, yet only three per cent had received even minimal post-graduate training in BPD.
Researchers have discovered a new primitive crab species Cycloprosopon dobrogea in eastern Romania. Previously unexamined, these ancient crabs from the Prosopidae family existed more than 150 million years ago during the Jurassic period.
With an eye on curing diabetes, scientists have successfully transplanted embryonic pig pancreatic cells destined to produce insulin into diabetic macaque monkeys -- all without the need for risky immune suppression drugs that prevent rejection.
Farm children appear to have a lower risk of asthma than their urban counterparts or even those living in a nonagricultural rural environment, according to a new study. The two-year cumulative incidence of asthma was only 2.3 per cent in farm children, compared to 5.3 per cent for other rural and 5.7 per cent for urban children.
Scientists have found that a large proportion of infants who suffer from bronchiolitis have an inherent predisposition to the disease. The disease is the most prevalent acute wheezing disorder in infants and is the most common cause of admission to hospital in the first year of life in the developed world.
Influenza has long been considered a seasonal virus. New findings implicate that low relative humidities produced by indoor heating and winter temperatures favor the spread of influenza.
Cashew nut fossils have been identified in 47-million year old lake sediment in Germany, revealing that the cashew genus Anacardium was once distributed in Europe, remote from its modern 'native' distribution in Central and South America. It was previously proposed that Anacardium and its African sister genus, Fegimanra, diverged from their common ancestor when the landmasses of Africa and South America separated. However, this groundbreaking new data indicate that Europe may be an important biogeographic link between Africa and the New World.
Random drug and alcohol testing does not reliably keep student-athletes from using controlled or illegal substances. In fact, the mere presence of drug testing increases some risk factors for future substance use researchers report.
By injecting embryonic stem cells from a wood mouse into the early embryo of a house mouse, scientists have produced normal healthy animals made up of a mixture of cells from each of the two distantly related species. This is the first time that stem cells from one mammalian species have been shown to contribute extensively to development when introduced into the embryo of another, very different species. Although both are rodents, the wood mouse and the house mouse have evolved separately for up to 20 million years. Their genes differ by as much as 18 percent, about 12 times the difference between human and chimpanzee.
While several drugs and psychotherapies are used to treat PTSD, many of the studies concerning their effectiveness have problems; as a result, they do not provide a clear picture of what works and what doesn't, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine.
Fires in the US release about 30 percent as much mercury as the nation's industrial sources, according to initial estimates by NCAR scientists. Fires in Alaska, California, Oregon, Louisiana, and Florida emit particularly large quantities, and the Southeast emits more than any other region, according to the new study.
The human papillomavirus screening test is far more accurate than the traditional Pap test in detecting cervical cancer. The first round of the Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial concluded that the HPV test's ability to accurately detect pre-cancerous lesions without generating false negatives was 94.6 percent, as opposed to 55.4 percent for the Pap test.
The world's first working radio system that receives radio waves wirelessly and converts them to sound signals through a nano-sized detector made of carbon nanotubes has been developed. The 'carbon nanotube radio' device is thousands of times smaller than the diameter of a human hair. The development marks an important step in the evolution of nano-electronics and could lead to the production of the world's smallest radio, the scientists say.
Dartmouth researchers looked at the online encyclopedia Wikipedia to determine if the anonymous, infrequent contributors, the Good Samaritans, are as reliable as the people who update constantly and have a reputation to maintain.
The world's oceans are becoming more acid, with potentially devastating consequences for corals and the marine organisms that build reefs and provide much of the Earth's breathable oxygen. The acidity is caused by the gradual buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, dissolving into the oceans. Scientists fear it could be lethal for animals with chalky skeletons which make up more than a third of the planet's marine life.
Researchers believe they have just confirmed a controversial theory of evolution. The X chromosome is a strikingly powerful force in the origin of new species. Biologists have argued for years whether the X chromosome -- the female chromosome in most animals -- plays a special role in the process of speciation. A new study has confirmed that the X chromosome is indeed heavily influential -- and the reason may be nothing like what biologists expected.
The search for alternatives to steroid medications for treating millions of Baby Boomer males with age-related declines in the sex hormone testosterone has led researchers to report development of a nonsteroidal compound that shows promise as a new treatment for loss of muscle mass, bone tissue, and other problems linked to low testosterone.
Changes in the expression of genes may be the reason why people who abuse inhalants, such as spray paint or glue, quickly develop a tolerance, biologists have discovered. This is the first study to show that a single drug experience alters the response of an animal to future doses by epigenetically modifying a single gene.
Researchers have found a new way to use solid-state NMR equipment to crack the secrets of hydrogen atoms and thus spot unwanted polymorphs in pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals companies are constantly battling the problem of polymorphism in which an active drug can actually exist in more than one form or crystal structure which can cause the drug to act in very different ways.
Humans may not be any more sensitive in detecting biological motion compared with nonbiological motion, concludes a new study. One researcher contends that although many papers on the subject begin by stating that humans are particularly sensitive in detecting point-light biological motion, little research has been performed that supports this; nor do his own results.
For the first time researchers have turned their attention onto the health effects of invasion on our old friend the cane toad, revealing that they are suffering from severe spinal arthritis brought on by the onslaught. While conducting research into toad invasion front, scientists found that the larger 'invasion front' toads were displaying a high incidence of spinal abnormalities.
The breast cancer drugs called taxanes, which include taxol and taxotere, increase survival rates when used as part of chemotherapy following surgery for cancers that have not spread, according to a new review of the research.
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| Upcoming Events |
| Sat, November 22 2008 |
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06:00 PM Meet And Greet
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| Thu, November 27 2008 |
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Thanksgiving
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| Sat, December 06 2008 |
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06:00 PM 2008 Holiday Party
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| Tue, December 09 2008 |
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06:00 PM Club Meeting
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| Sat, December 13 2008 |
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· 2008 Photography Challenge
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EvvScuba
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· Anyone interested in diving after the 9th?
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tstormdiver
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· I made it! After all this time!
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tstormdiver
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